This refers to a phase in bodybuilding and fitness where a person increases their caloric intake to build muscle mass. During the bulking period, the goal is to gain more muscle mass, and this can lead to an increase in body fat.

Cardiovascular exercise, often referred to as "cardio," is a form of exercise that increases heart rate and improves cardiovascular health. This includes activities such as jogging, cycling and swimming.

These are exercises that involve several muscle groups and joints at the same time. Examples of such exercises include squats, bench presses and deadlifts.

This is a phase in fitness and bodybuilding where the goal is to reduce body fat percentage to emphasize muscle definition. This is usually achieved by running a caloric deficit and increasing cardiovascular exercise.

This refers to muscle pain that occurs one to two days after intense exercise. It is usually the result of micro-damage in the muscle fibers and is a natural part of the muscle growth process.

• A drop set is a technique in strength training where you perform an exercise with a certain weight until your muscles reach fatigue, then quickly reduce the weight (typically by around 20-25%) to continue the exercise without rest. This is usually repeated in several steps.
• The aim of a drop set is to force the muscles to work harder and increase the training volume, which can contribute to muscle growth and strength gains.

• "Failure" refers to the state where you are no longer able to complete a repetition or lift the weight in an exercise. Your muscles are completely exhausted, and you don't reach your goal.
• Training to failure is a technique that is sometimes used to ensure that the muscles are sufficiently stimulated for growth. It can be challenging and should be used with caution, especially when training alone, as it may require the assistance of a spotter for safety.

"Gains" is a slang term that refers to progress or increase in muscle size and strength as a result of exercise and proper nutrition.

• A giant set is a training method where you perform several different exercises for the same muscle group without breaks between exercises. This means you go directly from one exercise to the next in quick succession.
• Giant sets are an intensive training technique that can help stimulate the muscles in different ways and increase the training volume. It is often used to build muscle mass and increase fitness.

HIIT is a training method that involves short, intense training sessions followed by short rest periods. It is effective for burning fat and improving fitness.

These are exercises that focus specifically on a single muscle group. Examples include biceps curls and leg curls.

This refers to the maximum weight a person can lift in a single repetition. It is often used as an indicator of strength.

A protein shake is a drink rich in protein, usually made with protein powder mixed with water or milk. It is often used post-workout to aid in muscle recovery and growth.

“Pump” refers to the feeling that the muscles are filled with blood and feel bigger and tighter after an intense workout. It is often sought after by bodybuilders.

This is the number of times you perform a particular exercise in a single training set.

A "set" refers to a group of repetitions performed together as part of the workout. For example, if you do 3 sets of 10 repetitions of an exercise, that means you repeat the exercise 10 times in each of the 3 sets.

 A "spotter" is a person who provides help and support during weight training to ensure that the exercise is performed correctly and safely. They can also help with lifting the weight if you reach training to "muscle failure".

This is when two exercises are performed one after the other without a break. ​​Supersets are often used to increase the intensity of the training session.

Dietary supplements are products that contain nutrients, vitamins, minerals or other substances that are taken in addition to the normal diet. They are often used to replenish nutrient needs or improve performance and health.

A diet plan is a customized plan that contains detailed meals and portion sizes to achieve specific health or fitness goals. This may include weight control, muscle building or sports performance.

Macronutrients refer to the three main nutrients in the diet: protein, carbohydrates and fat. The correct balance of macronutrients is important to achieve nutritional goals and optimal health.

Micronutrients refer to vitamins and minerals that the body needs in small amounts to maintain normal functions and good health. This includes vitamins such as vitamin C and minerals such as iron.

is the body's process for using stored fat as an energy source. This happens when you create a calorie deficit by burning more energy than you consume.

An exercise program is a structured plan that includes specific exercises, number of sets and repetitions, training frequency and progression to help a person achieve exercise goals, such as strength gains or weight loss.